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For almost fifty years, improvements in donor selection and screening have led to a continuous reduction in the risk of transfusion-transmitted hepatitis B virus (HBV). However, transmission can still occur when blood is collected from hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) negative donors during the pre-seroconversion window period. Another source of transmission is represented by donors with occult HBV infection (OBI), a condition characterised by persistent HBV carriage in the absence of detectable HBsAg. In many countries, this prompted the introduction of nucleic acid testing (NAT) for HBV and/or antibodies to hepatitis B core (anti-HBc) testing in order to improve detection of infectious donations. [ ... ]

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Daniele Prati Department of Transfusion Medicine and Haematology, "Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico", Milan

Luca Valenti Department of Transfusion Medicine and Haematology, "Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico", Milan; Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy

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