Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is a potentially curative treatment for various blood disorders. However, post-transplant complications such as autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) can arise, especially in pediatric patients. We present a case of a 7-year-old male with beta-thalassemia major who developed AIHA nine months post-HSCT from an unrelated donor. Despite initial successful treatment with cyclosporine and prednisone, the patient experienced multiple relapses, coinciding with changes in donor-recipient chimerism. This case highlights the complexity of post-transplant immune dysregulation and suggests a recipient-driven autoimmune mechanism.
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Authors
Alessandra Bernardi Transfusion Medicine Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
Pierpaolo Berti
Transfusion Medicine Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
Elisabetta Cicchetti Transfusion Medicine Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
Fabiola Landi Transfusion Medicine Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
Ottavia Porzio Transfusion Medicine Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Clinical Biochemistry Laboratory, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Department of Experimental Medicine, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
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